The working principle of a joint motor is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force law:
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction: When a conductor moves in a magnetic field or the magnetic field changes around the conductor, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the conductor.
Lorentz Force Law: When current flows through a conductor in a magnetic field, it experiences a force, and this force causes the rotor to rotate.
Magnetic Field Generation
Stator Winding: A rotating magnetic field is generated by applying alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) to the stator windings.
Permanent Magnet Rotor: In permanent magnet motors, the rotor contains permanent magnets, which generate a fixed magnetic field.
Rotor Movement
Rotation: The rotating magnetic field generated by the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor, producing torque according to the Lorentz force law, causing the rotor to rotate.
Speed and Position Control: By changing the frequency and phase of the current supplied to the stator windings, the motor's speed and direction of rotation can be controlled.
